Allergies are no longer a rare nuisance affecting just a few. According to European studies, one in four people now lives with some form of allergic condition—and experts predict this number will rise further over the coming decades.
What’s driving the increase?
The environment is changing—and so are we.
“Climate change has already left a significant mark,” explains Dr. Sofia Solidakis, Pediatric and Adult Allergist and Scientific Head of the Allergy Department at Metropolitan General Hospital. “Pollen seasons are lengthening: pollen circulates in the air for more months each year—and at higher concentrations. The result? People with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma suffer for longer periods throughout the year. At the same time, atmospheric pollution worsens the situation: airborne particles interact with pollen, making allergens more ‘aggressive’.”
Lifestyle changes increase vulnerability
We spend more time indoors—homes with air conditioning, offices with poor ventilation, crowded classrooms—all of which encourage the buildup of indoor allergens like dust, dust mites, and mold. Meanwhile, modern diets—high in processed foods and low in plant-based fiber—alter the gut microbiome, which plays a key role in regulating the immune system.
The ‘hygiene hypothesis’
One of the most compelling theories is the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’. Today’s children grow up in increasingly sterile environments—with less exposure to microbes, animals, and natural soil. As a result, their immune systems may not develop proper tolerance, making them more likely to overreact to harmless substances and trigger allergic responses.
Societal impact
Allergies are far more than just a stuffy nose. They affect sleep, concentration at work or school, overall quality of life—and place growing strain on healthcare systems. It’s no coincidence that many countries are already reporting rising numbers of lost work and school days due to allergic conditions.
What can be done?
Early diagnosis by a specialist allergist is essential. Where possible, preventive measures—such as reducing exposure to known allergens—can help. Modern treatments, including allergen immunotherapy, go beyond symptom relief to address the root cause of the problem.
“Allergies aren’t just an individual complaint—they’re a mirror reflecting the changes in our world. As our environment evolves, we must learn how to listen to it,” concludes Dr. Solidakis.